Doctor of Occupational Therapy Program Essential Functions Policy

Success in the Doctor of Occupational Therapy curriculum requires a student demonstrate the cognitive skills, psychomotor skills, communication skills, self-care abilities and affective behaviors expected of an entry-level occupational therapist. Entry-level occupational therapists are competent clinicians who evaluate and provide interventions to the general population of acute and rehabilitation clients in a variety of health care settings.  The purpose of this document is to delineate the knowledge, skills and professional behaviors deemed essential for completion of the Occupational Therapy program and entrance into professional practice.

The following list is illustrative and does not represent an all-inclusive listing of the functions of an occupational therapist.  Throughout the OTD program, students will be assessed not only on their scholastic accomplishments, but also on their physical and emotional capacities to meet the full requirements of the OTD program’s curricula and to graduate as skilled and effective practitioners.

The Occupational Therapy Program educates students as generalist practitioners, in accordance with the requirements of the Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE). Occupational Therapy is a profession that includes a number of domains of practice, e.g. hospital-based, school system, and mental health. The various domains encompass skill sets that differ according to setting and job. For this reason, occupational therapy students must have knowledge and entry-level competencies that span all domains, so that they are prepared for employment in all areas of practice.

MU OTD is committed to the education of all qualified individuals, including persons with disabilities who, with or without reasonable accommodation, are capable of performing the essential functions of the Program. It is the policy of the Occupational Therapy Program to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). In accordance with federal regulations established by the ADA, Section 504 of the Civil Rights Act of 1973, and state and local requirements regarding students and applicants with disabilities, the following standards are described to assist each candidate/student in evaluating his/her prospect for academic and clinical success.

If a student cannot demonstrate the following skills and abilities, it is the responsibility of the student to request an appropriate accommodation. The OTD Program will provide reasonable accommodation as long as it does not fundamentally alter the nature of the program offered and does not impose an undue hardship such as those that cause a significant expense, difficulty or are unduly disruptive to the educational process.

Motor Skills

  1. Position and move clients or equipment. This includes bending, stooping, kneeling, reaching and squatting while pushing and pulling loads up to 200 pounds while preventing injury to client and self.
  2. Lift up to 50 pounds independently or up to 200 pounds with assistance while preventing injury to client and self.
  3. Safely and effectively facilitate movement of the patient’s body during transfers, functional mobility training, positioning, examinations and therapeutic interventions.
  4. The OT student/therapist needs to be able to assume standing, sitting, kneeling or squatting positions. Clients may be totally dependent for physical assistance.
  5. Ability to be mobile for 3 to 4 hour intervals while safely assisting clients during functional mobility actions such as ambulation and transfers with or without equipment while preventing injury to client and self.
  6. Manipulate objects/equipment of various sizes, shapes, temperatures, smells, and textures (e.g.: dials, knobs, testing instruments, therapy balls, scissors, clamps, kitchen equipment, bathroom equipment, raw food, etc).
  7. Provide support and resistance to clients as needed through complex activities and movements while preventing injury to client and self.
  8. Perform examination techniques and provide intervention to acutely ill clients without disturbing sensitive monitoring instruments and lines.
  9. Maintain stable balance while performing intervention and examination techniques on clients who have compromised balance.
  10. Possess the endurance to perform a variety of exertional activities for up to 8-10 hours with occasional rest breaks.

Sensory Skills

  1. Examination techniques such as postural control assessment, vital sign assessment, muscle integrity/tension, wound description, and personal hygiene and continence assessment.
  2. Gathering of information from equipment such as (but not limited to) biofeedback, visual perceptual testing equipment, driver testing equipment, kitchen cooking devices, pulse oximeters, auscultation and blood pressure devices.
  3. Safe application of gradient pressures during examination and intervention including manual muscle testing and joint mobilization.

Emotional Abilities

  1. Possess the ability to manage a full client case load and a rapidly changing practice environment. A full client case load may vary from 7 to 10 sessions per day occasionally with 2 or more clients at one time to 14 to 18 clients per day in an outpatient clinical environment.
  2. Recognize and respond appropriately and in a timely manner to potentially hazardous situations, including those that are life-threatening.
  3. Possess the ability to accept responsibility for one’s own actions and decisions.
  4. Possess the ability and sensitivity to interact with patients with various abilities and cultural differences.
  5. Possess the ability to accept feedback in a manner that reflects the ability to learn from and integrate feedback.

Cognitive Skills

  1. Identify and solve problems in a timely manner consistent with the demands of the situation.
  2. Recall and retain information effectively in order to meet the minimal requirements of safely and effectively caring for clients.
  3. Integrate and analyze information including information from client records, examination; and diagnostic tests to develop appropriate plans of action, as well as to provide a safe environment for the client and self.
  4. Exercise good judgment and clinical reasoning in all aspects of client care.
  5. Acknowledge limitations of knowledge and/or performance in order to obtain the appropriate supports to provide optimal client care.
  6. Ability to effectively integrate new information with current knowledge and practice in order to provide optimal client care.

Communication/Professional Behavior

  1. Possess the ability to effectively communicate with patients who have a wide range of impairments.
  2. Possess the ability to interact effectively and positively with clients who have challenging interpersonal and communication skills.
  3. Possess the ability to receive, write and interpret written communication in both academic and clinical settings.
  4. Record observations and plans legibly, efficiently, and accurately.
  5. Maintain mature, sensitive, respectful and effective relationships with patients, students, faculty, staff and other professionals in academic and clinical environments including highly stressful situations.
  6. Possess the ability to use one’s intellectual abilities, exercise good judgment, and display professional behavior at all times. This includes, but is not limited to, expressions of empathy, respectfulness, use of authority, degree/quality of verbal interactions, use of body language and non-verbal communication.
  7. Possess the ability to learn and abide by professional standards of practice.
  8. Possess the ability to be prompt, arrive on time, and complete assignments on time.
  9. Possess the ability to set priorities, be dependable, be organized and follow through on responsibilities.
  10. Self-direct one’s own learning and be engaged in the classroom and in fieldwork.
  11. Possess the ability to recognize/handle personal and professional frustrations, balance personal and professional obligations, handle responsibilities, work with other cooperatively, and respond appropriately to social cues.

COMMUNICATION Skills: Communication includes speech, language, reading, writing, and computer literacy. The student must demonstrate the following skills:

  1. Effectively and sensitively communicate with patients to elicit information regarding mood and activities, as well as perceive nonverbal communications.
  2. Effectively and efficiently communicate with other members of the health care community (i.e., students, teachers, patients, peers, staff and personnel) to convey information essential for safe and effective care, e.g., to ask questions, explain conditions and procedures, teach home programs, and for safety in a timely manner and within the acceptable norms of academic and clinical settings
  3. Receive and interpret written communications in both academic and clinical settings in a timely manner.
  4. Receive and send verbal communication in life threatening situations in a timely manner within the acceptable norms of clinical settings.

SELF CARE Abilities: The Student must demonstrate the following:

  1. Maintain general good health, hygiene, and self-care in order not to jeopardize the health and safety of self and individuals with whom one interacts in the academic and clinical settings.
  2. Arrange transportation and living accommodations for/during off campus clinical assignments to foster timely reporting to the classroom and clinical center.